If you just want to prove that exterior angle COB = 2 x angle A,
consider a line AO and extend it to D.
AOD divides angle A into A1 (CAO) and A2 (BAO).
by theorem of exterior angles of triangles, you see that
angles COD = 2x A1 and angles BOD = 2 x A2
hence exterior angle COB = 2 x (A1 + A2) = 2A

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GeoLover